Concatenation through SQL

From: "Philippe Lang" <philippe(dot)lang(at)attiksystem(dot)ch>
To: <pgsql-sql(at)postgresql(dot)org>
Subject: Concatenation through SQL
Date: 2007-12-21 10:33:40
Message-ID: 6C0CF58A187DA5479245E0830AF84F42337F97@poweredge.attiksystem.ch
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Hi,

Here is small reduced test database:

------------------------------
CREATE TABLE appointments
(
id integer,
name varchar(32),
CONSTRAINT appointments_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

CREATE TABLE employees
(
id integer,
appointment_id integer,
name varchar(32),
CONSTRAINT employees_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT appointments_employees_fkey FOREIGN KEY (appointment_id)
REFERENCES appointments (id)
);

INSERT INTO appointments VALUES (1, 'app1');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 1, 'emp1');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (2, 1, 'emp2');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (3, 1, 'emp3');

INSERT INTO appointments VALUES (2, 'app2');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (4, 2, 'emp1');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES (5, 2, 'emp4');
------------------------------

I'm trying to write an SQL query that would return this:

---------------------------------------------------
appointment count_employees employees
---------------------------------------------------
app1 3 emp1, emp2, emp3
app2 2 emp1, emp4,
---------------------------------------------------

First part is easy to write:

------------------------------
SELECT
appointments.name AS appointment,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees AS e where e.appointment_id =
appointments.id) AS num_employees
FROM appointments
------------------------------

... But concatenating employees name is harder, at least for me...

I'm convinced this can be done with Set Returning Functions and a bit of
plpgsql, but I was wondering if it would possible to write some kind of
extension to Postgresql (operator?) that would allow this kind of
syntax:

------------------------------
SELECT
appointments.name AS appointment,
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees AS e where e.appointment_id =
appointments.id) AS num_employees
(SELECT CONCAT(name, ', ') FROM employees AS e where e.appointment_id =
appointments.id) AS employees
FROM appointments
------------------------------

... where CONCAT suggest we want to concatenate the variable inside,
with the separator ', ' inbetween.

Thanks for your tips!

Philippe Lang

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