libpq and error codes

[Dave Williss <dwilliss(at)microimages(dot)com>]

I can't seem to find a reliable way to determine if the error from a 
call to PQconnectdb is due to an invalid username/password.  I can call 
PQstatus and it tells me CONNECTION_BAD, which I'd expect, and then 
PQerrorMessage gives me a plain text message that explains the reason, but
error messages can be localized.  A different version of PostgreSQL may 
decide to change the wording, so just doing a string comparison on the 
error message won't cut it.

What I need is a nice, numeric error code that I can compare to a known 
value that means invalid password. But there doesn't seem to be any 
function to do that. Am I just being blind? 

The reason I need this is that in our software, if the user tries to 
open a connection to a database and gets an authorization error of some 
kind, we pop up a username/password dialog and let them try again.  But 
if it's due to any other kind of problem (server down, etc), we give 
them the error message directly.

Dave Williss